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#MadeinAfrica
For decades, Africa has been predominantly viewed as a source of refugees and migrants fleeing conflicts, economic hardships, and environmental challenges.
While some countries, like Germany, have been relatively welcoming, offering asylum and integration programs for refugees, others, like Italy, have struggled with a rising tide of anti-immigrant sentiment, especially following the surge of arrivals from North Africa.
The United Kingdom has similarly seen increasing debates over immigration, with laws tightening around immigration processes and refugee claims, particularly after Brexit.
However, a notable shift is occurring as several African nations implement progressive policies aimed at welcoming refugees and migrants, both from within the continent and beyond.
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This transformation reflects a commitment to humanitarian values and regional solidarity.
Uganda: A Model of Refugee Integration
Uganda has long been a beacon of refugee hospitality. The country hosts over 1.5 million refugees, primarily from South Sudan and the Democratic Republic of Congo.
Uganda's progressive refugee policy allows refugees to live in settlements with freedom of movement and access to land for agriculture.
The 2022–2025 Refugee Response Plan, developed in collaboration with the UNHCR, focuses on enhancing self-reliance and community development.
Initiatives like the Bidi Bidi Performing Arts Centre in Uganda's largest refugee settlement provide platforms for creative expression, promoting healing and social cohesion among refugees .
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Kenya: Urban Refugee Integration
Kenya, hosting approximately 500,000 refugees, is evolving its approach to refugee integration.
The 2021 Refugee Act introduced provisions for urban refugees, allowing them to reside and work in urban areas, thereby fostering economic independence and social integration.
The Kakuma refugee camp, initially intended as a temporary shelter, is being transformed into a municipality aimed at promoting self-reliance among refugees.
Despite challenges such as limited infrastructure and restricted movement, efforts are underway to provide refugees with opportunities for education, employment, and entrepreneurship .
Rwanda: Strategic Partnerships and Humanitarian Diplomacy
Rwanda has positioned itself as a proactive player in regional migration management.
The country has engaged in agreements with the United Kingdom, Israel, and Denmark to host migrants and asylum seekers.
These partnerships aim to provide refugees with dignified living conditions, skills training, and opportunities for reintegration.
Rwandan President Paul Kagame has defended these agreements, emphasising Rwanda's readiness to assist in solving global migration challenges.
However, these deals have faced criticism from human rights organisations and opposition groups within Rwanda, raising concerns about the adequacy of resources and the impact on local communities.
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Libya: Sovereignty and Migration Management
Libya's role in international migration has been contentious, with the country serving as a transit point for migrants attempting to reach Europe.
Recent reports suggested that Libya might accept deported migrants from the United States.
However, both of Libya's rival governments have denied such agreements, asserting that no such deal exists and emphasising that Libya's national sovereignty is non-negotiable.
Ethiopia: Regional Leadership and Humanitarian Commitment
Ethiopia, with a significant refugee population, has been a regional leader in hosting and integrating refugees. The country has implemented policies that grant refugees the right to work and access public services, aiming to foster self-reliance and social cohesion.
Ethiopia's commitment to refugee protection is also reflected in its active participation in regional frameworks such as the Kampala Convention, which addresses the rights of internally displaced persons.
Despite facing challenges related to internal displacement and resource constraints, Ethiopia continues to uphold its humanitarian obligations and seeks to enhance its capacity to support refugees.
South Africa: A Complex Landscape
South Africa, a leading destination for migrants within Africa, has a complex relationship with migration.
The country has witnessed significant inflows of migrants from neighbouring countries, driven by economic opportunities and political stability.
However, migration has also led to tensions and xenophobic sentiments in certain communities. The South African government's approach to migration has been characterised by a balance between upholding human rights and addressing domestic concerns related to employment and social services.
In recent developments, the United States granted refugee status to a group of white South Africans, citing alleged racial discrimination.
This move has sparked debates about the criteria for refugee status and the implications for South Africa's international relations.
Africa's evolving approach to refugee and immigration policies reflects a broader commitment to human rights, regional solidarity, and sustainable development.
While challenges remain, the progressive policies implemented by countries like Uganda, Kenya, Rwanda, Ethiopia, and South Africa demonstrate a collective effort to address migration issues with compassion and pragmatism.
#PulseAfricaDay.