Simon Romero and Nicholas Kulish

He did register in Florida, where he pleaded guilty to two state felony charges. But in New York, where he owns one of Manhattan’s most expensive mansions, he managed to avoid check-ins with authorities by changing his official residence to the Virgin Islands. And in New Mexico, where he owned a palatial residence south of Santa Fe, he was able to avoid inclusion in the state’s registry entirely.

That state’s relatively cursory investigation took into account only a police report which indicated, authorities said, that the underage victim in the case to which Epstein pleaded guilty in 2010 was 17 — the age of consent in New Mexico — though the girl whose report launched the investigation against him was just 14.

The nearly decadelong, multi-jurisdiction case against Epstein highlights the complexities in one of the signature federal laws to come out of a series of horrific child rapes and murders in the 1980s and 1990s — a 1994 federal statute that requires all 50 states to implement sex offender registries and, separately, adopt some form of community reporting on the whereabouts of those who have committed serious sex crimes.

How to implement those registries has been left to each state, whose requirements for sex offenders — and even which lawbreakers are considered eligible for sex offender registries — vary considerably. States may require registration for just a few years or for life. Some offenders are required to check in every few days if they are homeless, while others must verify their information only twice a year. Failure to comply can be a felony.

“These cost a lot of money and they’re not working for the most part,” said Elizabeth L. Jeglic, a professor of psychology at John Jay College of Criminal Justice who specializes in sexual violence prevention and has studied sex offender registries. “It would make everything easier if everything were standardized and the same laws were applied everywhere.”

Florida’s law states that sex offenders cannot live near or work in schools or other places where children congregate. Residency requirements are so strict there that at one point, the only place sex offenders could live in Miami was under a bridge. Earlier this year, a federal judge struck down part of Alabama’s law that required those on the registry to carry driver’s licenses or other ID identifying them as sex offenders.

Other states have tried to make the laws more flexible in recent years. In 2016, Arizona passed a “Romeo and Juliet” exception allowing young people who had relationships with younger people to petition to get off the registry. California recently passed a law that would begin to loosen the registration requirement for some offenders, who right now are required to register for life.

New Mexico’s law is one of the more lenient, with no limits on where offenders can live or what jobs they can hold. Offenders can be removed from the registry in 10 years depending on the severity of their crime.

The degree to which Epstein had to report to authorities in that state could be important, since it has emerged that his sprawling Zorro Ranch may have been the site of other crimes.

Earlier this year, Maria Farmer, another woman who has accused Epstein of sexual offenses, said in an affidavit that her sister, then 15 years old, was flown by Epstein to the ranch in New Mexico and was touched “inappropriately” on a massage table by him.

This week, the New Mexico attorney general’s office said it has begun its own inquiry into potential crimes in New Mexico.

“We have been in contact and interviewed multiple survivors of alleged abuse here in New Mexico,” Matt Baca, senior counsel for the attorney general’s office, said in an interview. “At this point it’s our intention to turn over evidence we’ve gathered from those interviews to the feds.”

The fact that Epstein would be required to register as a sex offender has been a crucial point in Labor Secretary Alexander Acosta’s defense of his role in overseeing the agreement not to prosecute him on federal charges.

But New Mexico authorities determined it would not be necessary in their state.

In making its determination, the New Mexico Department of Public Safety sent Epstein a letter in 2010 informing him it had received notification from Florida authorities that he was a convicted sex offender and that he had to register with the Santa Fe County Sheriff’s Office. Epstein went with his lawyer to the office, where he initially registered as a sex offender, and notified the authorities whenever he was traveling to New Mexico.

Deborah Anaya, a former detective with the Santa Fe County Sheriff’s Office, made an unannounced visit to Epstein’s ranch that August. She interviewed him as part of the office’s determination of his sex offender status. She described the estate as “very large, very secluded and very high-security.”

In the questionnaire she completed on Epstein, she said that he was 6 feet tall and 180 pounds, with gray hair. She made note of his assets associated with the property, including vehicles such as a Hummer H2 and a Chevrolet Suburban, and aircraft including a Boeing 727, a Gulfstream private jet and two helicopters, a Bell 407 and a Sikorsky S-76.

As he did elsewhere, Epstein sought connections and influence with the rich and powerful in this southwestern state. For years his presence in New Mexico has been intertwined with one of the state’s most powerful political families. He bought his property from the family of Bruce King, a three-time governor of the state who was also a successful rancher.

Epstein built a 26,700-square-foot mansion on the property thought to be among the largest, if not the largest, in the entire state, equipped with a private runway and airplane hangar.

“I’ve been to some large homes in the Santa Fe area and this was way beyond that,” Anaya, 40, said in an interview. She said Epstein boasted about his wealth and connections during the visit, mentioning his friendship with Prince Andrew and showing her a room in the mansion that he said was featured in a magazine.

Less than a month after Anaya questioned Epstein at his ranch, the New Mexico Department of Public Safety sent another letter informing him that he was not required to register as a sex offender with the state.

The determination was made by a team within the state’s sex offender registry unit, which “translated” Epstein’s offense in Florida into New Mexico law, which has different age requirements for registration depending on the specific offense, said Herman Lovato, a spokesman for the public safety department. For the offense to which Epstein pleaded guilty, procuring a minor for prostitution, state law provides that registration is required when the victim is 16 or younger.

“It was determined at that time that because the victim was not under the age of 16, Mr. Epstein does not have a registration requirement in New Mexico,” Lovato said.

But the age of the victim associated with Epstein’s guilty plea remains murky. To begin with, dozens of girls as young as 13 told police they had been sexually abused by him. Lovato said a Florida police report listed the age of the victim as 17. But the state attorney’s office there has said that the girl was 16, and the Miami Herald reported that the obfuscation of her age was deliberate.

Michael B. Edmondson, a spokesman for the current state’s attorney in Palm Beach County in Florida, said he could not provide the age of the victim or any details of the crime to which Epstein pleaded guilty.

Court records are also strangely silent as to the victim’s age. In the deal Epstein struck with federal and local prosecutors, he agreed to plead guilty to only one count involving a minor: procuring a person under the age of 18 for prostitution. He also pleaded guilty to solicitation. The indictment did not specify the age of the victim, and her name appears to be redacted. At the plea hearing, Judge Deborah Dale Pucillo did not go over the specific circumstances of the cases.

At one point, she asked, according to a transcript of the hearing, “Are there more than one victim?”

The prosecutor answered, “There are several.”

Spencer Kuvin, a lawyer who represented three of the girls, including the 14-year-old who he said was the first to come forward, said the hearing was highly unusual because it did not establish a factual basis for the guilty plea, and Epstein’s lawyers may have had leeway to select which victim — of which age — about whom their client made admissions.

“His attorneys would have negotiated who they were going to pick that was in a list of girls that they had,” Kuvin said. “I would want to choose, if I represented someone like him, the oldest possible girl within the statutory framework, and that way he would be excluded from having to report in certain states.”

The Manhattan district attorney, Cyrus R. Vance Jr., has come under renewed scrutiny after it emerged that his office argued before a judge to reduce Epstein’s sex offender status in New York from Level 3, the highest safety risk reserved for people considered likely to commit similar crimes again, to the lowest possible classification. A judge denied the request.

The New York City Police Department on Thursday defended its handling of Epstein following a report in The New York Post that the agency failed to require him to show up for periodic check-ins required for sex offenders under the law.

Dermot F. Shea, the chief of detectives, said on Twitter that Epstein registered as a sex offender in 2010 as required by law. But before he was to start checking in with the Police Department’s sex offender monitoring unit every 90 days, Epstein changed his residence to his Virgin Islands estate.

A state judge had rejected the same residency argument from Epstein’s lawyer in January 2011 at a hearing to determine his sex offender classification. “He can give up his New York home if he does not want to come every 90 days,” Justice Ruth Pickholz said.

This article originally appeared in <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/11/us/jeffrey-epstein-house-new-mexico.html" id="36f4fd86-5724-3402-aeee-6dbc9b4155ae">The New York Times</a>.

Sex Offender in 2 States, but Not in New Mexico

Jeffrey Epstein, the New York financier, managed to evade federal prosecution a decade ago in a Florida sex case involving dozens of teenage girls, in part by agreeing to register as a sex offender. But for a man with many residences, and many high-powered lawyers, registering as a sex offender was not the blanket penalty it might seem.

Sex offender in 2 states, but not in New Mexico

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Simon Romero and Nicholas Kulish

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Sex offender in 2 states, but not in New Mexico